Jorge 40 Rodrigo Tovar Pupo a.k.a. The debate on the subject of potential impunity has had a high profile in both the international and Colombian media, with critical views being expressed in Chicago Tribune and New York Times editorials, in addition to many Colombian outlets. Download Citation | Colombia's Attempt at Peace: An Analysis of the Demobilization of the Auto-Defensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) | Thesis Advisor(s): Douglas Porch. A concern shared by a high number of critics, both inside and outside the country, is that the demobilization process, if it does not provide a legal framework that contemplates the proper doses of truth, reparation and justice, could allow those who have committed human rights violations to possibly enjoy an undue degree of impunity for their crimes. [16] The payments were arranged during a 1997 meeting between Carlos Castaño with officials from Banadex, a subsidiary of Chiquita. They also declared that they are in favor of laws that will allow their fighters to return to civilian and productive lives in a fair, peaceful and equitable manner. [18] Colombia's attorney general, Mario Iguarán, also opened a case on Chiquita. • ANNCOL "[12], Human Rights Watch reports allege that numerous elements within the Colombian military and police have collaborated with or continue to tolerate local AUC paramilitary groups. The court ruled that the three US extradition requests, all for charges of drug trafficking and money laundering, respected current Colombian legal procedures and therefore they could now proceed, once the president gave his approval. • Marquetalia Republic [22][23], Congressional discussion on the subject was set to begin on February 15, 2005, but suffered several delays. The leader of the Centauros Bloc, Miguel Arroyave, was murdered by his own men in 2004 after which his finance chief, “Don Mario,” returned to the Uraba re… – The aftermath of violence in Colombia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Self-Defense_Forces_of_Colombia&oldid=992208037, Organizations designated as terrorist in Latin America, Organizations designated as terrorist in South America, Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom, Articles with dead external links from November 2011, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles needing additional references from August 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2010, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Identifying armbands, frequently black ones, the local, state and police authorities will not leave the zone, so. However, the AU discarded its counter-guerilla mission and turned to the illegal drug trade. Also, there have been internal conflicts within the illegal organization, as other AUC leaders have mutually accused each other of being tainted with narcotrafficking and their troops have even met in combat. Report with financial data, key executives contacts, ownership details & and more for Defensas y Defensas CIA Ltda in Colombia. El Águila • The Clan Úsuga, Linked to • Foro de São Paulo Macaco Amongst them are Salvatore Mancuso, Don Berna, Jorge 40, Cuco Vanoy and Diego Ruiz Arroyave (cousin of assassinated paramilitary leader Miguel Arroyave). • Peace process (1999–2002) Transnational Crime and Terrorism / Organized Crime, Kidnapping/Hostage Taking as a Terrorist Tactic, Attacks on Aid Workers / NGO's / Contractors. Luis Eduardo Cifuentes a.k.a. Dávinson Sánchez es la sangre nueva de los defensas colombianos. This position was also echoed by representatives of the international community in a February 2005 donors' conference in Cartagena. These different, regionalistic and sometimes warring factions within the AUC, make successfully concluding any peace initiative a considerably difficult task. • Dominican Embassy (1980) DTIC ADA467196: Colombia's Attempt at Peace: An Analysis of the Demobilization of the Auto-Defensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) Item Preview As long the AUC leaders remain in this area, they will not be subject to arrest warrants. • Doe v. Chiquita (2007), • Kidnappings in Colombia [citation needed], On February 23, the top AUC leaders published an online document on their webpage which stated[citation needed] that they will not submit to a legal framework that, in their own words, would force them to suffer through an undue humiliation that their leftwing guerrilla foes would not contemplate for themselves. Color Negro. Arcángel † AUC clashes with military and police units gradually increased, although the group has traditionally been friendly with government security forces. • Bojayá massacre (2002) In early December and late November, there have been new events in the peace negotiations with the AUC. The FARC claims that it represent the rural poor against Colombia’s wealthy classes and opposes U.S. influence in Colombia, the privatization of natural resources, multinational corporations, and rightist violence. • Provisional IRA However, local successors such as the Black Eagles continue to exist and death threats have been made using its name. The Venezuelan opposition dismissed the whole event as a "setup", claiming that Chávez intended to interfere with the potential approval of a referendum which sought to remove him from power. Signup for our mailing list to receive a free incident report from TRAC. Mancuso himself has declared that he will continue to participate in the process despite the Supreme Court's ruling. Details about Castaño's possible fate began to emerge in 2006. • United Nations El Mellizo † [24], On April 11, an AUC spokesman repeated their claims that the current proposal for amnesty was too harsh primarily because it still allowed extradition for drug charges. • FARIP, Former guerrillas Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) Summary: The AUC is an umbrella group formed in 1997 to organize loosely affiliated illegal paramilitary groups that emerged to retaliate against leftist guerillas fighting the government and the landed establishment. First, several hundred men of the Bloque Bananero (loosely translated, the Banana Producers' Bloc) turned in their weapons and demobilized in order to be reintegrated into civilian life. Noun 1. After a ceasefire was declared (which in practice has been publicly admitted by the AUC and the government to be partial, resulting in a reduction but not the cessation of killings), the government of President Álvaro Uribe began talks with the group with the aim to eventually dismantle the organization and reintegrate its members to society. • CGSB Pedro Oliverio Guerrero a.k.a. The AUC is an umbrella group formed in 1997 to organize loosely affiliated illegal paramilitary groups that emerged to retaliate against leftist guerillas fighting the government and the landed establishment. So far, this DDR process has not achieved the majority its goals, while other problems loom on the horizon. Seen in the second and third season of Netflix's, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 02:03. [29], • La Violencia (1948–1958) [2] In April 1997 the AUC was formed through a merger, orchestrated by the ACCU, of local right-wing militias,[1] each intending to protect different local economic, social and political interests by fighting left-wing insurgents in their areas. That condition and most of remaining legal framework invoked was previously implemented for the much larger San Vicente del Caguán area that former president Andrés Pastrana granted the FARC guerrillas as safe haven during the 1998–2002 peace process, but there are differences: Paramilitary leader Carlos Mauricio García alias "Doble Cero" ("Double Zero") or "Rodrigo", who since the 1980s had been a close associate of Castaño within the AUC, was found dead on 30 May 2004. This thesis analyzes the Government of Colombia's (GOC's) demobilization of the paramilitary organizations known collectively as the Auto-defensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) and the re-insertion of its fighters into Colombian society. In the absence of such conditions, they claimed that the consequence would be the end of the negotiations and their preferring to face the prospect of continuing "war and death". Francisco Javier Zuluaga a.k.a. Julián Bolívar defensacolombia.com Las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) [3] fueron una organización terrorista, paramilitar, narcotraficante y contrainsurgente de extrema derecha, que participó en el conflicto armado interno en Colombia entre 1997 hasta su desmovilización en 2006, con antecedentes de grupos paramilitares y dejando posteriores grupos disidentes y neoparamilitares [4] . Medios de-defensa 1. • PCCC Grupos de Autodefensas (self-defenders groups) or Policía Comunitaria (Community Police) or Policía Popular (People's Police) are vigilante self-defense groups that arose in the Gulf of Mexico and South Mexico regions between 2012 and 2013. The stated deadline for completing the demobilization process was originally December 2005, but was later extended into February 2006. [7], The Colombian military has been accused of delegating to AUC paramilitaries the task of murdering peasants and labor union leaders, amongst others suspected of supporting the rebel movements[7] and the AUC publicly and explicitly singled out 'political and trade union operatives of the extreme left' as legitimate targets. The Cali-based Nuevo Diario Occidente reported that an assassin hired by Vicente Castaño confessed to the police that he had killed Castaño in 2004. However, the AUC remain in the area with the presence of other divisions. [17] Chiquita subsequently made a plea bargain with the United States Department of Justice, and agreed to pay a $25 million fine. In November 2004, the Supreme Court approved the extradition to the United States of top paramilitary leaders Salvatore Mancuso and Carlos Castaño, together with that of the guerrilla commander Simón Trinidad, the only one of the men to be in state custody (Castaño's extradition was approved because the court considered that the matter of his death was not yet clear). Multiple users within govermental/military, corporate, and media, as well as colleges and universities, receive pro-rated subscription discounts based on the number of users. The AUC was designated as a terrorist organization by many countries and organizations, including the United States, Canada and the European Union. Shipper. • Operation Emmanuel Víctor Manuel Mejía Múnera a.k.a. [8], The bulk of the AUC's blocs demobilized by early 2006 and its former top leadership was extradited to the U.S. in 2008. • Canada, • Águilas Negras A February 2005 report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that, during 2004, "the AUC was responsible for 342 cases of violations of the cessation of hostilities. [17] He has also charged Chiquita of using one of their ships to smuggle weapons (some 3,400 AK-47 rifles and 4 million rounds of ammunition) for the AUC. Freddy Rendón a.k.a. TRAC fully supports academic institutions and provides subscriptions on a reduced rate based on FTE. No specific reasoning or details regarding this claim were produced. • Colombian drug cartels A few days later the letters AUC were daubed on the front of their office. 2003 Castaño anuncia el fin de los 'paras' Colombia disarms fighters - … [citation needed]. [27], The National Movement of State Crimes, a coalition of several victim organizations that have suffered from state or paramilitary violence, has asked "to return the paramilitary chiefs to the Colombian authorities so they may be processed by the ordinary justice system and not under the framework of the Law of Justice and Peace, since this framework benefits the victimizers and not the victims, since they have not told all of the truth, have not made comprehensive reparations to the victims, and have not dismantled their criminal structures." These actions took place in 11 departments and targeted the civilian population, in many cases indigenous communities. • Spearhead Ltd • Narcoterrorism In early May 2004, Venezuelan authorities arrested at least 100 individuals that they accused of being Colombian paramilitaries and of scheming, together with part of the Venezuelan opposition, to begin a series of scheduled attacks against heavily fortified military targets within Caracas, aiming at the overthrow of President Hugo Chávez. • Operation Fenix (2008) Many Colombian and international observers are skeptical about the demobilization's prospects and see multiple causes for criticism. • Andean diplomatic crisis (2008) Otoniel and his Urabeños started a war with the rival “Buitrageños” group. • Los Rastrojos The proto-group of the AGC initially called themselves “Los Urabeños” when the Centauros Bloc of AUC split over territorial disputes in the central Meta and Guaviareprovinces in 2003. the paramilitary leaders will require special permission to leave and re-enter the zone, and government prosecutors will be allowed to operate inside it in order to investigate criminal offenses. Carlos Castaño said that "We kill trade unionists because they interfere with people working. The US State Department said the US' courts can also help the victims by sharing information on atrocities with Colombian authorities. Ramón Isaza [1], The militia had its roots in the 1980s when militias were established by drug lords to combat rebel kidnappings and extortion by communist guerrillas. The United Self-Defences of Colombia was a Colombian far right paramilitary and drug trafficking group which was an active belligerent in the Colombian armed conflict during the period from 1997 to 2006.
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