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Table 4. In particular, potatoes have good conditions to grow, and sheep farms have begun to grow Greenlandic vegetables to an extent to be sold in domestic supermarkets. Typically, there is a simple canopy layer (15–20 m high) in which numerical dominance is maintained nearly everywhere by coniferous tree species belonging to four genera: spruce (Picea), pine (Pinus), fir (Abies), and larch (Larix) (Figure 3). The diversity of bryophytes is remarkably consistent across the continent, but again there are more bryophytes in white spruce than in black spruce forests (Figure 4). Figure 4. Higher altitude landscapes closer to the ice sheet margin have a steppe-like community. It is also native in the Falkland Islands. The role of climate and immigration changes since deglaciation in molding the modern ecosystems are described, notably the effect of Neoglacial cooling. The Faroese economy transformed from a small-scale coastal fishery to a North Atlantic fishery with the export of frozen and dried cod as major commodities, as well as salmon and sea trout fish farms (Svanberg, 2015). These data cover almost the entire longitudinal range but focus on the southern closed forest (Modified and adapted from Qian H, Klinka K, and Kayahara GJ (1998) Longitudinal patterns of plant diversity in the North American boreal forest. As(V) absorbed by the plant tissue is reduced to As(III) by GSH in the cytosol (Mirza et al., 2014). See all the important information about this ingredient. The main agricultural crops are cereals (e.g., barley, wheat, rye, and oat), with most of the cereals used as feed for animal production and to a minor degree for bread (wheat and rye), beer production (malt barley), and breakfast products (oats). The Danish agricultural sector has a large surplus production, and most products are exported, with the export being dominated by meat and dairy products. Other LOW concerns: Data gaps. Limits of Picea, Abies, Pinus, and Larix, without regard to species. Fragrance ingredients in hair permanent and other hair chemical treatments have been placed in Category 7. Picea mariana is not strictly characteristic of wet areas because it also flourishes after fire. According to Miller and Rice-Evans43 it is possible that ascorbic acid significantly contributes to the antioxidant activity of berries and berry juices, as it was reported that blackcurrant juice has an ascorbate sparing effect. Major dominant, codominant, or abundant species identified in the three major longitudinal sections in Peinado et al. Food, Nutrition, and Health in Denmark (Including Greenland and Faroe Islands), Susanne SørensenKeld Ejdrup MarkedalJens Christian Sørensen, in, Nutritional and Health Aspects of Food in Nordic Countries. With the majority of Greenland being covered with ice, sea mammals provide important staples (e.g., whale and seals) and in particular the west coast offers possibility for a range of different types of fish. Tout savoir sur l'ingrédient cosmétique EMPETRUM NIGRUM FRUIT JUICE (Jus de Camarine noire), fonction (Agent d'entretien de la peau). 岩高兰（empetrum nigrum）果汁. The implications of grazing and moisture stress for regional carbon dynamics are also considered. Heinonen, in Antioxidants in Food, 2001, Berries constitute a significant source of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Végétale; Fonctions CosIng. Only in eastern regions of Europe is P. abies replaced by the closely related Picea obovata, whereas additional species are being added to the forest in Siberia (Abies sibirica, Larix sibirica, and Pinus sibirica; Table 1). The diversity of white spruce forests is rather similar between western and eastern sections, but the diversity of black spruce forests is much higher in the west than in the east (Table 4). Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references. The absolute deficiency of micronutrients including As negatively affects plant nutrition and physiology. Picea mariana and P. glauca are the dominant trees in these forests, with P. glauca declining to the north. In an Fe(II)-induced liposome peroxidation bioassay, the ethylacetate extract of tart cherries was found to have strong antioxidant activity with active components identified as chlorogenic acid methyl ester and three novel compounds: 2-hydroxy-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid 23, 1-(3′,4′-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,5-diol 24 and 1-(3′,4′-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,3-diol 25.55, Jennie R. McLaren, Roy Turkington, in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), 2013. The climate is influenced by the warm North Atlantic Current and the cold East Icelandic Current, resulting in cool summers and mild winters that keep harbors ice-free and provides temperatures ranging from 0 to 11°C (DMI, 2018a). Agent d'entretien de la peau; Produits contenant cet ingrédient. EMPETRUM NIGRUM FRUIT JUICE "Bien" en todas las categorías. These forests have a closed crown with a moist, deeply shaded floor. The fish and shrimp industry are key to the Greenlandic economy and local food supply, with cod being one of the most important fish for human consumption in Greenland. CNA, central North America; ENA, eastern North America; WNA, western North America (Reprinted from Qian H, Klinka K, and Kayahara GJ (1998) Longitudinal patterns of plant diversity in the North American boreal forest. Table 3. The production is distributed at approximately 5000 pig farms producing 28 million pigs on an annual basis and with about 90% of the production being exported, thus being important for Danish economy and trade balance (http://www.agricultureandfood.dk, 2018). In 2017, agriculture is still an important industry in Denmark, with 62% of the land area being used for agricultural crops, thus rendering the Danish agriculture the most intensive of the Nordic countries (Figure 4.2), and with agriculture considerably influencing the geography through a man-shaped landscape. Plant Ecology 138: 161–178.). Table 1. (1998) examined longitudinal patterns of plant diversity in the North American boreal forests, focusing specifically on the southern closed forests. These forests are more open with a discontinuous shrub layer and abundant lichens. Polyphenols Polyphenols are the most significant bioactive compounds in black crowberry fruit. However, with the climate changes Greenland has become greener with increasing possibilities to grow vegetables, in particular in the southern ice-free regions. Figure 10.2 shows the antioxidant activity of extracts from berries on the oxidation of methyl linoleate at 40 °C at a level of 5000 ppm on the basis of the plant dry weight.13 It is to be seen that the most potent berries were crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), whortleberry (Vaccinium uligonosum), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), aronia (Aronia melanocarpa), cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) and rowan- berry (Sorbus aucuparia), all being wild berries, while the cultivated berries such as strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), redcurrant (Ribes rubrum), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), and raspberry (Rubus idaeus) exerted low antioxidant activity. Low molecular weight chelators act as chemical sinks by sequestering large quantities of As. The transition from the southern closed forests to these lichen woodlands is usually smooth or mosaic-like but can sometimes be quite abrupt as in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In particular, shrimps are an important commodity for export, with Royal Greenland being the world's largest producer of cold-water shrimp (http://www.atasteofgreenland.com). Classification of the substance or mixture, GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS), GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements. At an experimental scale, the addition of rock dust has been applied, aiming at restoring the balance of minerals in the soil and plants. Geographical Review 62: 333–365.). Data gaps . Hare and Ritchie (1972) recognized three latitudinal zonal divisions of the boreal forest in North America: a southern closed forest, a central lichen woodland, and a northern forest–tundra ecotone. EMPETRUM NIGRUM FRUIT JUICE. It is however important to carry out management practices at a small scale, whenever possible within financial, social and practical prerequisites, as large-scale management leads to homogeneity in vegetation structure and micro-climates, and this causes loss of flora and fauna diversity. The P. mariana–feathermoss forests have a fairly uniform, moderately dense tree stratum, with an almost continuous ground cover of bryophytes. Yanishlieva-Maslarova, ProfessorI.M. (2013) have determined the anthocyanin profile of laboratory-made and commercially available juice drinks from different berries, including crowberries. Concern Reference; Empetrum nigrum (Kraaiheide) is een uitstekende bodembdekker die u goed kunt combineren met Calluna en Erica in een heidetuin. In the European forests the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is frequently dominant on drier soils and the Norway spruce (Picea abies) occurs on moister sites. Hairy root cultures maintaining plant cells infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes have exhibited their potential in phytoremediation. P10.5 is een rond potje van 10,5 in doorsnede, hierin worden alle heideplanten verkocht. In Denmark the dominating field crops are cereals of which 75% are used for animal feed together with a large production of grass for feeding (Figure 4.3), with pigs, cattle, and chickens being the dominant domestic animals. Because there are few species of trees, the boreal forest gives an impression of monotony, but this is misleading even though they are floristically impoverished compared to most other vegetation formations of the earth. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It´s a berrie who is easy to pick so you get a lot in a short amount of time. Dit liggend tot opgaand groeiend heidestruikje bloeit vroeg in het jaar. A thin layer of soil covers the volcanic rocks, and only a small part of the land is cultivated, with grass as the main crop for sheep farming. Qian et al. N. John Anderson, in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2020. Marked by EWG as safe. Because of natural purple colorant, the Empetrum fruit is used for food products and antioxidant capacity benefits. Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) and crowberries (Empetrum nigrum) grow in the wild and widely in the northern hemisphere. The population of cattle has developed at a much lower rate than pigs, with the population of pigs being approximately 6 times higher than the cattle population in 2005 compared to a starting point of comparable population sizes of pigs and cattle in 1950 (Pedersen & Møllenberg, 2017). Chem/IUPAC Name: Empetrum Nigrum Fruit Juice is the juice expressed from the fruit of Empetrum nigrum L. , Empetraceae. Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) is a lesser and underutilized fruit among the different edible berries, whose origin is from the northern hemisphere. The boreal forest can be latitudinally divided into three subzones: a wide zone of closed forest in the south, a narrow band of forest–tundra ecotone in the north, and a lichen woodland in the middle. Somewhat surprisingly blackcurrant was not among the most active berries as blackcurrant along with crowberries and bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) were earlier74 evaluated as the most active raw materials for berry wines. Op de Falklandeilanden komt Empetrum … The US EPA has recommended 41 mg kg−1 of As input to the agricultural soils. Table 2. Thirty-four of the plots were sampled in Picea glauca forest and 26 in Picea mariana. Although this type of forest is located north of the limit of continuous forest, it is still considered boreal forest. Mirza et al. Nevertheless, these forests are a complex mosaic of different plant communities, and they caused Cumming et al. The Danish landscape is flat and generally fertile, formed by ice glaciers in the Ice Age, with a temperate climate and plenty of rain, supporting fertile soils with ideal conditions for agriculture. Picea mariana, usually found only on poor or wet soils, is found at the timberline toward the Arctic, and Larix laridna is found in the continental regions. Focused efforts on improving pig performance through breeding were initiated with the first registered herd (Danish Landrace) established in the late 1800s. Bryophytes and lichens are typically a more common component of the forest floor vegetation than vascular plants. There are no exposure data on these product types. 14 and 15). Meat staples include reindeer and farmed sheep. It may be that the wine making procedure more effectively extracts the active phenolic compounds from the berries as compared to the solvent extraction of the berries. Aditya Banerjee, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, in Transgenic Plant Technology for Remediation of Toxic Metals and Metalloids, 2019. Despite the uniformity of appearance, the tree species are unique to a particular continent, i.e., there are no circumboreal trees (Table 1). Heathlands have received a great attention from the European Union in its nature law, the Habitats Directive (EU, 2013), as a logical consequence of the multiple pressures which lead to a decrease in their abundance and diversity. Black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) represents an important source of flavonols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, naringenin, naringin, morin, and kaempferol) and anthocyanins. EMPETRUM NIGRUM FRUIT JUICE. by Dorota updated on 7 lipca 2018 14 listopada 2017 Leave a Comment on FEMI – Kremy odmładzające CITISIME. In contrast, the P. glauca forests are more irregular and open, having an understory of broad-leaved shrubs and herbs and a patchy bryophyte distribution. Figure 3. In addition, potatoes and rapeseeds are grown to a considerable degree. They identified three major sections (Table 2) and classified them as eight major groups (Table 3). Analizujemy składy, WSZYSTKIE POSTY. The contemporary terrestrial ecosystems of west Greenland from ~ 64 to 70 °N are characterized by dwarf shrub tundra, with plant communities reflecting the dominant regional climatic gradients. The cells in the culture efficiently accumulated As via phytoextraction (Jagtap and Bapat, 2015). Home EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics. Berries in general are known to have various healthy properties, and are recommended to be included in the daily diet. (1996) to title their paper “Boreal Mixedwood Forests May Have No ‘Representative’ Areas.” Some of the tree species are widely distributed (e.g., Picea glauca and P. mariana), but many other boreal species have more limited ranges, resulting in local and regional changes to forest composition. White spruce forests are always more diverse than black spruce forests; this is a reflection of the diversity of herbaceous plants and bryophytes and not the diversity of woody plants (Figure 4). The bland or slightly acidic Empetrum sp. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Crowberry, Black Crowberry Seeds (Empetrum nigrum) Price for Package of 5 seeds. 定義: 本品は、ガンコウラン Empetrum nigrum の果汁である。[Empetrum aslaticum] 中文名称: 岩高兰（EMPETRUM NIGRUM）果汁 (国際化粧品原料標準中文名称目録(2010)) 岩 … Mean number of species and genera in White spruce and Black spruce-dominated ecosystems in three geographic sectors of the boreal forest of North Americaa. Crowberry, E. nigrum, ranges from northern Alaska and the Yukon to California.Subspecies nigrum has male and female flowers on separate plants, whereas subspecies hermaphroditum has bisexual flowers. Some plants capable of surviving high concentration of edaphic As are Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata), Andropogon scoparius, ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata, Holcus lanatus), mosses, lichens, crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), Tamarix (Tamarix parviflora), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) (Mirza et al., 2014). Fruit Warehouse | Crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ) | Species of crowberry include: E. nigrum (Crowberry), E. eamesii (Rockberry), E.rubrum and E. hermaphroditum. Plant life is mainly characterized as tundra vegetation. These plants are suited to grow in such hostile conditions where the soil has poor organic content and low levels of N and P (Mirza et al., 2011; Li et al., 2016). These forests contain many different species, whereas those of the Euro-Siberian region contain few. In As-tolerant plants like Arundo donax, 7%–22% of supplied As is lost by volatilization. With access to commercial fertilizers dating back to the mid-1900s the possibility for specialization on either plant or animal production also grew. Source: Reproduced from Peinado M, Aguirre JL, and de la Cruz M (1998) Aphytosociologidal survey of the boreal forest (vaccinio-piceetea) in North America. 14. Different blueberries and bilberries were reported to exhibit good antioxidant capacity in the ORAC assay.56,59 The antioxidant capacity of blueberries was about three-fold higher than either strawberries or raspberries with only a small contribution of ascorbic acid 17 to the total antioxidant capacity compared to total phenolics and anthocyanins.59. As the majority of these heathlands are secondary and linked to human management, their conservation is only guaranteed by maintaining the traditional exploitation regime that prevents succession toward forest. All are evergreen mat forming shrubs, with small, light green needle-like leaves 3-10 mm long. The Faroe Islands are not a member of the European Union, but they have fishery and trading agreements with the EU. To conserve biodiversity without deteriorating the ecosystem, As-tolerant plants can be used to remediate the contaminated soils. Burned heathland in northern Spain (J. Loidi). Peinado et al. It is a fresh black crowberry (empetrum nigrum) juice high in flavonoids and anthocyans, obtained by cold pressing in a non-denaturing condition and stabilized by vegetal glycerin. Nom INCI/CTFA : Glycerin (and) Empetrum nigrum fruit juice Dose recommandée : 1% à 3% Conservateur : 0,2% sorbate de potassium Réglementation : utilisation autorisée en UE, USA, Chine, Japon, Canada et sous conditions en Australie There are eight habitat types which are included in Annex 1 of that Directive, three of them of priority conservation (*):Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista (2310), Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum (2320), Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix (4010), Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix (4020*), European dry heaths (4030), Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans (4040*), Endemic macaronesian heaths (4050*), and Alpine and Boreal heaths (4060). Empetrum is a genus of three species of dwarf evergreen shrubs in the heath family Ericaceae.They are commonly known as crowberries and bear edible fruit.They are commonly found in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to subarctic climates, and also in the Southern Andes of South America and on the South Atlantic islands of South Georgia, the Falklands and Tristan da Cunha. Especially on such soils, atmospheric deposition is a huge problem, and no solution has been found yet to alter the misbalance between nutrients and loss of minerals. Commercial sheep farming was introduced in Greenland in the early 20th century, and reindeer are also raised for meat (Rasmussen, 2018). Fruits contain and synthesize many compounds which are helpful against many chronic diseases because of their good antioxidant properties, as in the case of the Empetrum … Figure 4.3. Geographical Review 62: 333–365. The Faroe Islands landscape is very different from the Danish landscape, with cliffs, grassy ridges, and very few trees. Crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum) is a lesser and underutilized fruit among the different edible berries, whose origin is from the northern hemisphere. Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity . However, sourness, bitterness, and astringent properties, which are often found in berries [1,2], may have a negative impact on the pleasantness of the berries and therefore prevent further consumption. Hand drawn frame with blueberry, cloudberry, cowberry and crowberry. dioecious (E. nigrum ssp. 2016. Bilberries are very well known and recognized, but the crowberries are poorly known and utilized in the food industry. Prescribed and controlled fires following a low frequency temporal pattern is a reasonable and low cost option when no other actions can be taken. Major species of boreal forest trees by longitudinal sectiona. The total polyphenol content (TPC) of black crowberry fruit represents 4.3 … Moreover, they were regularly used in folk medicine. The two types of transporters, as discussed earlier, import As from the bulk soil into the root tissue. [Schofeld] "Empetrum nigrum is an evergreen Shrub growing to 0.3 m (1ft) by 0.5 m (1ft 8in). The North American and Eurasian forests are remarkably uniform in their appearance throughout their range, both in their physiognomic structure and in species composition. Some reports suggested that As might be translocated as dimethylarsenic acid to the shoots or might even be stored as As(III)-tris-thiolate complexes in the tissues (Hartley-Whitaker et al., 2001). The boreal forest is the most continuous and extensive forest in the world. (1998) and La Roi's (1967) classifications of North American boreal forests. crowberry . In some cases, a Western Stereocaulon paschale- and an Eastern Cladonia stellaris-dominated woodland have been identified. 1. In North America, for example, these include the white and red pines (. 2.1. Recommendation for empetrum nigrum fruit juice usage levels up to: Recommendation for empetrum nigrum fruit juice flavor usage levels up to. Oskar A. Laaksonen, ... Mari A. Sandell, in Flavour Science, 2014. Distribution of Danish Farm Land (Total Area 2,626,030 ha) for Crops in 2017. Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). Bryophytes usually dominate on mesic and moist sites and their diversity in boreal forest is higher than in most temperate or tropical forests. Health Concerns of the Ingredient: Overall Hazard . The effect of the large herbivores (reindeer and muskox) on vegetation are considered as well as their interaction with the rapid climate changes that have occurred since 1996. Alaskan wild berry resources and human health under the cloud of climate change. There is currently a great interest around the world for forest fruit and their potential beneficial health effects. Species of juniper (Juniperus), cedar (Thuja), and hemlock (Tsuga) also occur. The spruce–feathermoss community is characteristic of this zone, with either white or black spruce dominant. It was found that As(V) absorbed by the roots was converted to As(III) by the enzyme As(V) reductase. EMPETRUM NIGRUM WHOLE. 's (1998) classification of North American boreal forests. CosIng-tietokanta. Ecological Monographs 37: 229–253. Empetrum nigrum, crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the northern hemisphere. Figure 4.2. Heinonen, in, Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), Certain species of nonboreal type range into southern parts of the forest. It is recognized that Empetrum Nigrum Fruit Juice. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Fresh fruits of crowberry were predominantly consumed by North American tribal communities, since they were often considered as inedible fruits by other groups. Camaderm® by Solabia acts as an anti-aging, firming, protecting, energizing, toning and regenerating active. fruit are very juicy and have high level of anthocyanin pigments in the skin; they may be eaten raw or processed. De bloemen zijn klein en onopvallend. hermaphroditum, that occurs in more northerly locations and at higher altitude. Wisconsin infected with the A. rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 was used as the explant for generating hairy root culture. Analysis of the vascular flora. Plant Ecology 137: 151–202, and La Roi GH (1967) Ecological studies in the boreal spruce–fir forests of the North American taiga. Throughout the North American boreal forest, a vegetation group dominated by P. glauca (sometimes codominated by Abies balsamea, A. bifolia, Betula papyrifera, or Populus tremuloides) is typically the climax community in relatively dry areas. Cancer . However, rather than describe each of these, we focus on some of the recent classifications. Endogenous methylation pathways in plants actually promotes the conversion of As(V) to gaseous trimethyl arsine, which can be volatilized (Souri et al., 2017). The antioxidant activity for LDL was associated directly with antho- cyanins and indirectly with flavonols, and for liposomes it correlated with the hydroxycinnamate content.36 However, according to Costantino et al.57 the activities of black raspberries, blackcurrants, highbush blueberries, blackberries, redcurrants and red raspberries toward chemically generated superoxide radicals were greater than those expected on the basis of antho- cyanins and polyphenols present in the berries. Lähde: Euroopan Unioni. Although there are no abrupt transitions in the vegetation, changes in the dominant tree species, in the subdominant shrubs, and in the herbaceous layers can be detected. Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments. De vrucht is een vrij droge, zwartgekleurde bes die iets op een bosbes lijkt. Otro idioma: Jus de Camarine noire; Nombre INCI: EMPETRUM NIGRUM FRUIT JUICE; Sus funciones (INCI) Agente de cuidado de la piel : Mantiene la piel en buenas condiciones; Este ingrediente está presente en 0.02% de cosméticos. Plant Ecology 137: 151–202. The wet outer coastal areas are typified by Empetrum nigrum and cryptogams while the dry, continental interior has a more relatively luxuriant assemblage of woody plants, notably Betula nana and Salix glauca, where water availability permits. Empetrum nigrum, crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the northern hemisphere. It looks a little like blueberries but has a more kernels inside. nigrum). With the commercial fertilizers, productivity was also increased with harvested yields increasing by a factor three from 1920 to now. Currently a European Dry Heath Action Plan is under development, initiated by the European Union. Mown heathland in northern Spain (J. Loidi). Because these forests are more open, light penetration to ground level is much greater than in closed forests. Inhibition activity of wild berry juice fractions against Streptococcus pneumoniae binding to human bronchial cells. Glycerin (and) Empetrum Nigrum Fruit Juice. Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus: Empetrum L. Although the crowberry provides the third largest harvest of all berries (after blueberries and lingonberries) it is almost unknown outside the arctic regions. PDF | On Feb 1, 2016, LACRAMIOARA OPRICA and others published Antioxidants Content in Empetrum nigrum Fresh and Dried Fruits | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate The Greenlandic climate is Arctic and varies greatly, but it does not allow tree growth. The fishery industry (i.e., fish and fish products) is the exceedingly dominating export industry, accounting for > 90% of exports by value, with minor contributions from wool and tourism (Facts about the Faroe Islands).

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