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Total Area. This is encapsulated in depictions of Pakistan’s wars with India. and 700 kms long coast with the Arabian Sea. 11. The foreign policy of Pakistan has been prepared on the basis of the following principles: 1. would believe in peaceful co-existence and would respect the other It is an aim of every body to live a successful life, but except some persons majority of people does not live such life. Moonis Ahmar. From October 1951 to 1958, civil bureaucracy led Pakistan’s politics and foreign policy in close alliance with the Ayub-led army. Indian foreign policy already faces many challenges. Determinants of foreign policy of the country is influenced by so many factors. The details of what occurred are still cloudy, but this latest flare-up started with a suicide bombing by the Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM), a UN- … As the sixth-largest nation in the world by way of population, country’s foreign policy makers should take into account the factor that we possess a reasonable quality of human resources and have an extremely useful geography. Since establishing diplomatic ties in 1951, China and Pakistan have enjoyed a close and mutually beneficial relationship. Trump’s new foreign policy and challenges for Pakistan. A major nuisance to Islamabad’s foreign policy, thus, is the inescapable dilemma stemming from the need to reconcile bilateral and regional objectives with the need to preserve Pakistan’s global standing and strategic value to the United States. RCD became defunct after the Iranian Revolution, and a Pakistani-Turkish initiative led to the founding of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in 1985. Pakistan's Foreign Policy in Light of Quaid-e-Azam's Words The father of the nation, Quaid-e-Azam defined Foreign Policy towards other countries of the world in 1948, as follows Our Foreign Policy is one of friendliness and good-will towards all the nations of the world. A major nuisance to Islamabad’s foreign policy, thus, is the inescapable dilemma stemming from the need to reconcile bilateral and regional objectives with the need to preserve Pakistan’s global standing and strategic value to the United States. the guiding principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy. Relationship with India Pakistan foreign policy is mainly guided by relationship with India. Indian foreign policy is growing aggressive. Nation around the world recognized and used alliances as the courses of action adopted by a nation again. Pakistan is unable to achieve its foreign policy goals in the current scenario owing to multiple factors and challenges. Pakistan’s military has used real and perceived threats from India to remain at the center of decision-making in the country, especially on foreign policy. Location. The Nuclear Policy of India and Pakistan 61 second research reactor, the Cirus (a heavy water reactor), became operational in 1960. Another change in Pakistan’s foreign policy was affected by the Simla agreement in 1972 which led to the policy of bilateralism and non-alignment. Pakistan's Foreign Policy in Light of Quaid-e-Azam's Words The father of the nation, Quaid-e-Azam defined Foreign Policy towards other countries of the world in 1948, as follows Our Foreign Policy is one of friendliness and good-will towards all the nations of the world. There is a caveat. Pakistan thus retains an interest in not liquidating its long-term relationship with the Afghan Taliban and the Haqqani network, a policy that exacerbates Afghan instability. 796096 sq km broad East to West. a. India happen to be our door enemy. All our alliances should be subjected to this keystone criterion. Latin American Debt: Act Two. 1. Most of our budget spend in defense due India, to keep an equilibrium in the region. The Foreign Minister once again visited on 31 October 2018 and in May 2019. The missing girls. So, New Delhi : Deep & Deep Publications, c1988. Pakistan’s foreign policy ought to be based on our country’s inherent strengths. Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski. Pakistan > Politics and government. 4. National International Affairs Sir Ahmed Mujtaba PRESENTED BY Muhammad Zeeshan 37 Iqra Hafeez 64 Hannan Zia 14 Noor Ul Ain Bajwa 03 Anum Hanif 10 Farhan Taj 17 PHASES IN PAKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY. Search for the book on E-ZBorrow. India has a long land frontier and coastline. Due to strategic position and location Pakistan was an important actor or helper of USA pursues an independent foreign policy due to economic development. 4 The Middle East Institute Viewpoints: The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979-2009 • www.mei.edu T he year 1979 was among the most tumultuous, and important, in the history of the modern Middle East. FOREIGN POLICY OF. Since her inception in 1947, Pakistan has faced the problem of security, for which India is mainly responsible. The foreign policy of Pakistan, like that of any other country, is a means to achieve its national interests. Pakistan’s foreign policy: Transition, prospects and perspectives. Pakistan > Foreign relations. There is a caveat. Policy … The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms of interstate relations, i.e. Islamization under Zia (1977-88) When Zia-ul-Haq took the power in his hands, there was a popular conception that every government paid only lip service to Islam, and no sincere effort was ever made in this direction; the ruling class had rather resisted the enforcement of … Foreign policy of Pakistan _____ A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. For the good of 180 million Pakistanis and themselves, foreign policy makers engaging with the country need to see through this haze to what it is they’re really dealing with. By mid-1960s the Soviet Union adopted a balanced approach towards Pakistan-India disputes, including the Kashmir problem, and urged the two sides to settle their problems amicably. 3. The growing warmth in our relations and desire to re-engage can be measured from the fact that Iranian Foreign Minister Dr. Javad Zarif was the first foreign dignitary to visit on 31 August 2018 after formation of new government in Pakistan. Media in Pakistan SINCE 1986, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has acted as a conscience keeper of the nation. Phases of Pakistan Foreign Policy Phase 2 1962-71: Transition A government strategy in dealing with other countries Association or Connection among the sovereign state You need allies in the world to survive Is for the Phases of Pakistan Foreign Policy Phase 2 1962-71: Transition A government strategy in dealing with other countries Association or Connection among the sovereign state You need allies in the world to survive Is for the Foreign Policy Magazine. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. LEKSHMI S S2 M.com Roll No :13 Dept. Sub-sequent Pakistani moves highlight-ed … Pakistan downed an Indian jet that entered its airspace in … Pakistan’s Foreign Policy 1947–2019 Fifth Edition. whether India and Pakistan as secondary observers would accept a backseat role. From Prime Minister Nehru to Narendra Modi, India has been witnessed many changes in its 70 years-long ongoing journey. The state foreign policy includes defining the national interest , as well as the economic interest and strategies chosen both to safeguard that and to achieve its policy goals. 10/25/16 Geography and history have played a prominent role in Pakistan’s foreign policy, as also its political development. Foreign Policy in International RelationsTo the non-academic citizen 'foreign policy' is an uncontentious aspect of the world of politics, albeit one that is generally remote and inaccessible. A study of the 50 years of Pakistan foreign policy shows that its ideological aspect has been an integral part of the political culture of Pakistan and a cherished goal of the state. The foreign policy of Pakistan, like that of any other country, is a means to achieve its national interests. In the context of General Elections 2018, this review attempts looking into the positions and approaches of significant political parties on issues related to the foreign policy of Pakistan. The prime minister of Pakistan, who is responsible for all national policies including foreign policy, must – today more than ever before – also be a foreign policy prime minister. India has adopted a foreign policy of neutrality and non-involvement. The guiding principles of Indian foreign policy mainly anchored by Nehru were firmly etched to values based principles derived from religious based traditions, anti-colonialism, anti-racialism and the legacy of non- violent freedom movement. 1947-53: Explorations and friendship with all. Pakistan foreign policy is no exception to such stated points. Pakistan’s foreign policy, which is often conflated with defence policy, is very unique in nature and character. Previously, Pakistan was a favorable country to the Afghan Taliban government that came into power in 1996. The Foreign Policy of Each Nation Contains: 1. The Foreign Minister of Pakistan is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the Prime minister maintains an ultimate authority over foreign policy. Pakistan’s too-clever-by-half policy of supporting the United States against the Taliban and supporting the Taliban against the United States has not only frustrated American efforts in Afghanistan; it has contributed to the rise of a radical Islamist threat inside Pakistan itself. economic, political, security, social etc. Determinants of Foreign Policy. As Muslims, the majority of the people of Pakistan have strong religious and cultural affinities with Muslims in other lands. On 27 February, Pakistan’s foreign ministry said its Air Force had conducted six strikes on “non-military targets” in India to demonstrate the country’s “right, will and capability for self-defence”. PAKISTAN. Se você continuar a navegar o site, você aceita o uso de cookies. Like any other state in the world, the basic motivation of Pakistan’s foreign policy is to ‘safeguard the country’s vital national interests’. Ceasefire line in Kashmir was renamed as LoC and Kashmir issue put on the back burner. FOREIGN POLICY OF. Foreign trade policy 2015 - 2020 1. May 22, 2020 Foreign Policy of Pakistan, General, Human Rights, Law & Order, Women Zubeida Mustafa. Venue: Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak. India's relationship with its neighbours: Conflict and Cooperation. Foreign policy of every nation around the world is formulated on the basis of its national interest. Since seeking its national interests is a universally accepted right of each state, therefore, this should be the only driving force behind Pakistan’s foreign policy. To this day, Pakistan has a close relationship with Turkey. 8/17/2015 1 2. As these change over time, foreign policy must also change in its approach to bilateral, regional and global issues and problems. The threat to its security from the eastern side is indeed not imaginary. Introduction. Foreign policy of every nation around the world is formulated on the basis of its national interest. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy 1947 – 2016. The media helped alter the political change within and the country and the change of stance towards the U.S, India and Afghanistan. National International Affairs Sir Ahmed Mujtaba PRESENTED BY Muhammad Zeeshan 37 Iqra Hafeez 64 Hannan Zia 14 Noor Ul Ain Bajwa 03 Anum Hanif 10 Farhan Taj 17 PHASES IN PAKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY. The meeting of the heads of Pakistan’s two largest political parties strengthened Sharif’s hand vis-à-vis the military. Understandably, however, the goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy … Introduction : No country today can think of a life independent of other nation. Foreign Policy Making Process: A Case Study of Pakistan. Pakistan has already rejected the intelligence report shared by India, which, the diplomats in the foreign office say, has failed to provide any actionable intelligence to substantiate JeM’s involvement in the attack. What is Foreign Policy? policy options to the government, it has taken over the task of policy-making. Pakistan began with an independent foreign policy in 1947.However, it tilted towards the West in a period of 7 years due to … Further updates pertain to developments in such key areas as terrorism, Kashmir, and the Middle East. Historical analysis Before 1947, Pakistan was the part of India, ruled by British and many other rulers, such as Muhammad Ghouri, Sher Shah Suri and the mighty Mughal empire. Pakistan > Politics and government. The 19th century Austrian prime-minister Metternich once… Pakistan's foreign policy. Every country has to develop relations with other countries so as to meet its requirements in economical, industrial and technological fields. Islamization under Zia (1977-88) When Zia-ul-Haq took the power in his hands, there was a popular conception that every government paid only lip service to Islam, and no sincere effort was ever made in this direction; the ruling class had rather resisted the enforcement of … We must therefore identify what the existing challenges are. 1 Following this, a heavy water reactor policy was adopted, leading Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) to operation in 1973 … 2. Pakistan has only had one such prime minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. This attitude led her to sign two of the most important foreign policy agreements, i.e., Panchsheel and … Since her inception in 1947, Pakistan has faced the problem of security, for which India is mainly responsible. 1 Quaid-i-Azam means 'Great Leader', by which appellation the founder of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, is generally addressed. In a pioneering study of the foreign policy making process, Graham T. Ellison in 1970 laid claim to two models. The President of Pakistan (Urdu: صدر مملکت پاکستان — Ṣadr-e Mumlikat-e Pākistān, Urdu pronunciation: [ˌsəd̪ˈr-eː ˈmʊm.lɪˌkət̪-e pɑː.kɪs.t̪ɑːn]), the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and a figurehead who represents the "unity of the Republic." PAKISTAN. We must therefore identify what the existing challenges are. relations with other members of international community, and adoption of policy of conflict or co-operation towards them with a view to promote its own interests i.e. Foreign policy is conducted in an environment of multiple linkages between home and abroad in the forms of NGOs, MNCs, academics, political leaders, interventions of several foreign governments, as well as intense media scrutiny (Chong 2007: 05). Foreign Policy of Pakistan. A set of principles, policies and decisions adopted … Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski. West part of South Asia. with other nations of the world in order to seek. Essay Fall 1983. The foreign policy of the government concerns the policy initiatives made/adopted towards other states. As and when the government due to its weakness or international pressure was forced to deviate from this line, the public opinion stood in its way. The missing girls. Written with the express purpose of providing a reference book for students of history, political science, international relations, and Pakistan Studies, this book offers an objective history of policy stances along with the rationale behind decisions made by Pakistani state leaders. These challenges have not been met and will continue to confront us in the future. The course of Pakistan's foreign policy has been complex, and has passed through several stages during its development. All our alliances should be subjected to this keystone criterion. It is a known fact that government formation is essential to run a state, and no state can live without maintaining interstate relations, which have become so essential these days. As the international community restarts its no-war broken record, it needs to keep one date in mind that has irreversibly changed India’s stance – 14 February 2019. September 09, 2017. In 1974, Bhutto paid a tiring and lengthy state visit to Soviet Union, becoming the first prime minister since the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Cashing in on its growing economic muscle power, India pursued an aggressive foreign policy in 2017 which boosted the global image of the Narendra Modi government even as … And, again as in the case of other countries, the interests of Pakistan have been determined by its history, geo-politics and the aspirations of its people. Abstract:Education policy in Pakistan, as in other developing countries, faces the challenge of poor implementation. Failing this, the country will face the prospect of further deterioration in its economy. Since seeking its national interests is a universally accepted right of each state, therefore, this should be the only driving force behind Pakistan’s foreign policy. It will facilitate a deeper understanding of the strategic compulsions that have driven decision making in Pakistan’s national security and foreign policy. The third important feature of Pakistan ’s foreign policy relates o economic issues, trade and investment. 1953-62: Alignment with the West 2 ISEA ñ Volume 34, Number 1, 2006 Why Does Policy Fail? Pakistan's relations with India have improved recently and this has opened up Pakistan's foreign policy to issues beyond security. Bhutto did … The September 11 attacks, often referred to as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Wahhabi Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.. On Tuesday morning, four commercial airliners from the northeastern United States were scheduled to land in California. Pakistan > Foreign relations. Here is today’s Foreign Policy brief: The dispute over Kashmir grows, protests loom in Puerto Rico, and Trump’s top diplomat for … Security: A factor in Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-1997. The 1800 km long border with India and India’s hostility in the initial years forced Pakistan to join the Western security alliances. PAKISTAN. The external policy of the state which it. Pakistan - Pakistan - The Pervez Musharraf government: As chief executive, Musharraf arrogated virtual total power to himself. Few proper nouns in the English language (let alone countries) evoke such a complex set of assumptions as Pakistan. ... Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s relationship is walking a fine line. Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy with Respect to Russia’s Past, Present and Future Jazib Mumtaz* Muhammad Ramzan† Saima Gul‡ • p- ISSN: 2520-0348 • e-ISSN: 2707-4587 • ISSN-L: 2520-0348 Pakistan and Russia have a history of divergence and ambiguity in their foreign … Essay Fall 1983. “Foreign policy cannot be reactional, incidental or occasional; clearly defined goals have to be followed with consistency to achieve tangible results.”. Pakistan’s foreign policy can be understood with respect to three impulses: the normative, statist, and structural. Another objective of foreign policy is maintenance of links i.e. Determinants of Pakistan's foreign policy /. It shares boundaries with Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma) and Sri Lanka. Is it the noise of an impending second crisis of Latin American and other developing country debtors, or is it the start-up of world economic…. SINCE 1986, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has acted as a conscience keeper of the nation. By Zubeida Mustafa. Its flagship, the annual State of Human Rights in Pakistan, should jolt any government out of its stupor. [2] Both the words, ‘parity’ and ‘South Asia’, have kept Pakistan a prisoner of its own type. “Foreign Policy is a thought out course of action for achieving objectives in foreign relations as dictated by the ideology of national interest.” —Dr. Foreign policy where the U.S. tries to stay out of other nation’s conflicts, particularly in Europe Monroe Doctrine: U.S. official statement of isolationism World War I (1914-1918): Basically ended the policy of … Foreign Policy Of Pakistan. The foreign policy process involves many internal and external factors. Foreign Policy Making Process in Pakistan. For all those people who are interested to know about the foreign policy of Pakistan, this response is especially for them. 1 Following this, a heavy water reactor policy was adopted, leading Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) to operation in 1973 using a … Disappointed by the change in the U.S. policy Pakistan took a number of steps to improve its relations with the Soviet Union and China during 1961-63. Major Phases of P akistan's F oreign P olicy The major phases of P akistan's foreign policy are: a. During the cold war India’s policy was that of a neutral observer inclined towards self-interest rather than seeking alignment with any of the major power blocs. Broadly speaking these factors fall into categories viz, internal and external.Some of the important factors that influence the foreign policy of the country or constitute the inputs of the foreign policy … Pakistan’s foreign policy can be understood with respect to three impulses: the normative, statist, and structural. Pakistan’s foreign policy ought to be based on our country’s inherent strengths. Definition. Prof. F. S. Northedge. respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States, non-interference in the internal affairs of other State; non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes. Prof. F. S. Northedge. Foreign policy of pakistan O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. All in all, 2019 promises a great deal for Pakistan, yet its foreign policy needs to center on using economics as a tool for building trade relations and play a constructive role in the region as well as in the global community. 8/17/2015 3 OVER VIEW Composition & Direction of Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Policy India’s Foreign Trade Policy Foreign Trade Policy 2015 – 2020 FERA & FEMA 4. Foreign Policy is the use of political influence in order to induce other states to exercise their law-making power in a manner desired by the states concerned: it is an interaction between forces originating outside the country’s borders and those working within them. The foreign policy expert gives due recognition while framing the foreign policy. After the breakup of USSR in 1991 and end of Cold War era, Pakistan was faced with multiple foreign policy issues. There are many factors which can affect a country foreign policy. Government of Pakistan National Internal Security Policy 2014-­­2018 Ministry of Interior Policy Objectives 10. Pakistan should translate the catastrophic COVID-19 crisis to an opportunity for undertaking reforms in its economy, polity, and foreign and security policy. Foreign policy challenges and opportunities for the new govt With the most seats in the NA, PTI is likely to form the government at the Centre as well as … By Zubeida Mustafa. Foreign policy is a method adopted by countries to engage with other countries through discussion and The Nuclear Policy of India and Pakistan 61 second research reactor, the Cirus (a heavy water reactor), became operational in 1960. The geo-political situation of Pakistan has made security its top most priority. Policy world affairs. ... Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s relationship is walking a fine line. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Of Pakistan: The Personal Assessment . FOREIGN POLICY OF. Foreign Policy is the use of political influence in order to induce other states to exercise their law-making power in a manner desired by the states concerned: it is an interaction between forces originating outside the country’s borders and those working within them. Balancing its policy objectives would hence, be the key. 1 N. W E. S 2 GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN. [citation needed] The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries. An empirical analysis reveals that the principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy, as envisioned by the founding father and mentioned in the Article 40 of the Constitution, have generally remained constant. Security: A factor in Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-1997. Trade between the two countries is generally increasing with time. India and China: When the Communists came to power in China, India had welcomed the change and […] Foreign Policy Of Pakistan Saim.hasan0708@gmail.com. Latin American Debt: Act Two. Reviving his foreign policy, Bhutto relieved Pakistan from SEATO and CENTO, breaking off the relations with the United States under President Jimmy Carter. Celio Pelembe. “The foreign policy is establishment and development of relations with other countries in order to protect the national interest by taking appropriate steps at International level.”. Foreign Policy Magazine. The external policy of an independent, sovereign state which it pursues in its relations. And, again as in the case of other countries, the interests of Pakistan have been determined by its history, geo-politics and the aspirations of its people. FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN. To establish the writ of the state and protect the people from all internal threats. The first sees this in terms of the geopolitics of the region and Pakistan’s strategic insecurity regarding its mighty Indian neighbor. These challenges have not been met and will continue to confront us in the future. Backed by the semi-agricultural and semi-industrialized economy.The state foreign policy … Following are the factors Religion: religion plays an important role. The fact is that the present day Pakistan's foreign policy, its agriculture reforms, its defense policy are continuation of Ayub Khan policies. History. Since coming to office last year, Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan has … 1950) Pakistan has no active sy stem or clear foreign policy as new s tate to ally with any superpower. This item may also be available in print; check Holdings for more information. The priorities and strategies of six major national parties i.e. The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with foreign nations and to determine its standard of interactions for its organizations, corporations and individual citizens. This channel includes tips which help you, how to start CSS PMS preparation at home. The media started to set the consent of the public at large which later helped in ending the dictatorial era in Pakistan. As the sixth-largest nation in the world by way of population, country’s foreign policy makers should take into account the factor that we possess a reasonable quality of human resources and have an extremely useful geography. Sehar Kamran. There is a distinct rumble. There are two dimensions in answering the question as to why the Pakistan army concerned itself so much with the state’s foreign policy. Welcome to CSS PMS with AMNA. 1947-53: Explorations and friendship with all. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have sought to develop extensive commercial, cultural, religious, political, and strategic relations since the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. The second phase of Pakistan's foreign policy was characterized by a transition from an independent foreign policy to a multifaceted alignment with the West. The most important issues in Pakistan's foreign policy are security, political independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty and social and economic development etc. Pakistan: Ideology and Foreign Policy HASAN-ASKARI RIZVI Ideology is an important determinant of foreign policy. The Diplomat talks with Touqir Hussain on Imran Khan and his handling of Pakistan’s foreign policy thus far. by: Hassaan -bin -Waqar. The mere possession of abundance of material and human resources and formation of a good foreign policy would prove useless if the political structure or the government cannot play its role effectively. Pakistan's foreign policy had to bring a change in dealing with the Afghan government of Taliban. ISLAMABAD: US President Donald Trump announced his administration’s new grand strategy for foreign policy … 2 After Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became Chairman of the Pakistan People's Party, and then President and Prime Minister of Pakistan, he was not called 'Zulfi'; even his wife, Nusrat, referred to him formally. its national interest. Of determinants of foreign policy of pakistan slideshare analyze and assess the nature of industrial output and military preparedness of a world power factor! This is encapsulated in depictions of Pakistan’s wars with India. The geo-political situation of Pakistan has made security its top most priority. Pakistan may be the trigger that set it off, but it will now impact India’s foreign policy and strategic affairs. An understanding of what they are will help to devise future approaches. Indian foreign policy already faces many challenges. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. Its flagship, the annual State of Human Rights in Pakistan, should jolt any government out of its stupor. Phases of Pakistan Foreign Policy Q: What is Foreign Policy ? All our essays are customized to meet your requirements and written from scratch. The first sees this in terms of the geopolitics of the region and Pakistan’s strategic insecurity regarding its mighty Indian neighbor. Maintenance of links with other Members. • In 2015, Pakistan remained neutral as a Saudi-led coalition embarked on a military campaign in Yemen against Iran-aligned Houthis. Paper on Soft power, Draft Version 6.8, July 08, 2008 SOFT POWER AND FOREIGN POLICY MAKING PROCESS MOONIS AHMAR 1. Is it the noise of an impending second crisis of Latin American and other developing country debtors, or is it the start-up of world economic…. So, To protect the life, property and fundamental rights of the citizens of Pakistan. whether India and Pakistan as secondary observers would accept a backseat role.

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