Society and culture. 7. Overall, the mortality from acute poisoning is less ... Ingestion of a corrosive substance such as a strong acid or alkali. The lethal dose is between 3 to 30 g, but may be as little as 1 g. Phenol is well absorbed by inhalation, dermal application, and ingestion. Post-mortem examination showed an intact oesophagus and sto-mach. Steps for gastric lavage: 1. Metabolicacidosis, haemolysis andDICoccurred in several patients. In this report we present a case of lethal poisoning caused by deliberate ingestion of AlP and secondary intoxication of the emergency medicine personnel by the resultant phosphine gas. Symptoms may include drooling, dysphagia, and pain in the mouth, chest, or stomach; strictures may develop later. Periodically have the patient suck pieces of ice, to reduce pain in the mouth. Gastric lavage is the process by which a tube is used to remove or to test the contents of the stomach, and is often also referred to as stomach pumping or irrigation.The purpose of the procedure is most commonly to take unwanted poisons or drugs out of the stomach, the latter usually being done in the case of a drug overdose. She was lucid, but complained of hearing loss and tinnitus. Gastric lavage is useful within three hours after ingestion of a poison. In treating corrosive poisoning, vomiting must not be induced; gastric lavage must not be attempted; and no attempt should be made to neutralize the corrosive substance. Charcoal is not very effective but should be administered if other poisons or drugs have … had mentioned gastric lavage as a modality of treatment. Elemental Mercury. Medications Intentional poisoning of suicidal nature is more common than homicidal or accidental poisoning. Other signs of aspirin toxicity in cats include vomiting and diarrhea, brought on by ulceration in the stomach and small intestines. If alkali poisoning occurs, you should immediately wash the stomach with a solution of citric acid. Swallowing facilitates the swallowing of the tube through the oesophagus. Bradycardia, hypothermia, confusion, delirium, loss of corneal reflex, respiratory failure, drowsiness, ataxia, coma. INTRODUCTION: Poisoning is an important health malady which is increasing worldwide 1. Do NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Activated charcoal seemed to have the best risk:benefit ratio among gastric lavage, ipecacuanha, or supportive treatment if given within four hours of ingestion. While the latter techniques may have a role in the early management of poisoning with a small number of specific substances, their effectiveness in these circumstances remains unproven. had mentioned gastric lavage as a modality of treatment. It is not a routine procedure for all poisonings. Isopropyl alcohol poisoning signs are GI pain, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and CNS depression (dizziness, stupor, coma, and death from respiratory paralysis). Gastric lavage is used infrequently in modern poisoning treatment. a. Phil Shepley Gastric lavage is commonly used in drug overdose cases. Corrosives can injure the GI tract by causing tissue necrosis, perforation, fibrosis, stricture formation and malignancy years after the exposure. Overall mortality from AlP poisoning was 31.2%. management of insecticide poisoning advice gastric lavage only for patients who arrive within 1 hour after ingestion of the poison to the hospital. Some authorities have actually suggested that it not be used routinely, if ever, in poisoning situations. any technique that prevents absorption of a drug or chemical -> decrease blood concentration -> decrease absorption -> reduce severity of poisoning 1. gastric emptying 2. activated charcoal 3. cathartics 4. emetics 5. gastric lavage Repeat lavage. Gastric Lavage or Stomach Wash - it’s Purpose, Principles, Requirements, General Instructions and Procedure. Lavage Throat Remedies these juices help to digest food and allow An overweight nurse claimed her Organophosphate Poisoning Gastric Lavage Throat Remedies 10000 NHS gastric band made her sick so she had it loosened – only to balloon to nearly her original weight. Young productive lives are lost 28 F children) or Ewalds tube. Lavage is contraindi-cated in hydrocarbon ingestion, a common solvent used in many pesticide formulations. alkalis, mineral acid, vegetable acid and organic acids (except carbolic acid). Abstract. But in India, very often caution is thrown to the wind and the average physician in an average hospital embarks on gastric lavage with gusto the moment a poisoned patient is brought in. Frequently, one of the first noticeable signs is loss of appetite. Answer: c. 178. had mentioned gastric lavage as a modality of treatment. Complications Emergency and Supportive Measures. : Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Stomach contents can be removed using suction right away or … Gastric lavage is done within one hour of poisoning and it acts as a saviour but in some conditions it is contraindicated ( not advised ). They are in cases of :-. Convulsant poisoning. Corrosive poisoning. Unconcious patients as it will increase the risk of aspiration . Ingestion of 30-60ml of Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse by a small child (~10 kg body weight) might result in gastric distress, including nausea, or signs of alcohol intoxication. Boric acid is a dangerous poison. It is a medical procedure involving sequential aspiration and injection of a fluid through nasogastric pipe ( elwad's tube or ryle's tube) to manage poisoning. Treatment of caustic ingestion is supportive. Adults and adolescents: 36–40 French. If gastric lavage was undertaken within 15 20 minutes of dosing, the mean recovery of marker was 38% (1) and 29% (2). It does not work for poisonings by cyanide, corrosive agents, iron, … gastric lavage. 4. We attempted to maintain the urinary pH at 7.5 and output above 100 mL/h while preparing for urgent hemodialysis. Volunteer Studies. Gastric lavage must be performed in 10 minutes after administration of this drug. Contraindications Lavage is contraindicated when there is a risk of aspiration pneumonia or gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation. Except in cases of poisoning by corrosive substances it should be followed by gastric lavage. Your throat may be numbed with medicine to reduce irritation and gagging caused by the tube. Gastric lavage is the term used when referring to a procedure that involves removing contents from the stomach. Gastric lavage. Indmedica - Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Chemical antagonism can also be used for prevention of absorption of a poison. Ingested poisons are those poisons which have been consumed, whether accidentally or intentionally, by the victim. Gastric Lavage. Gastric Lavage • Ingestion only • 30 gauge Ryle’s tube • 50 cm Adult, 30 cm Child • Use Vaseline or glycerin, mouth gage • Lavage fluid- warm water, Saline , oxidizing solution like potassium permanganate, tannic acid, iodinated water • Complications: vomiting, pneumonia, damage to esophageal & gastric … Send thanks to the doctor. Gastric Lavage. Vomiting will increase the severity of damage to the esophagus by renewing contact with the corrosive substance. Exposure to paint containing Mercury. Dehydration and pneumonia may occur. The consequences of poisoning, burning chemicals very difficult. Similarly, in the case of alkali poisoning You need a lot of alkaline drink and use a lot of mucous solutions. Conclusion: Despite extensive evidence demonstrating little benefit and significant risk of … The need for x-ray is dependant on likelihood of aspiration. Mark on the tube indicates the tube has reached the stomach. Lavage /Gavage: The introduction of a tube into the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Exposure via ingestion. Lavage is also contraindicated in Kerosene & Volatile poison. Similarly, in the case of alkali poisoning A woman aged in her 20s ingested approximately 99 g acetylsalicylic acid, and was transported to our hospital 2 h later. Carbolic acid is the only corrosive in which gastric lavage can be used. Acid soldering flux poisoning Fluxes; Flux poisoning. If the scene were Tara from under the acid or alkali, it is required to show the doctor! Introduction During management of the poisoning patient with the history of ingestion of the poison [1], the procedure which is routinely carried out is Gastric lavage commonly known as stomach wash, stomach pumping, and Gastric irrigation [2]. See letter "Correspondence (letter to the editor): Gastric Lavage in Cases of Poisoning" in volume 111 on page 100. Gastric lavage is an approved method of gastrointestinal decontamination and offers the ability to rapidly remove most of the gastric contents. Syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting in the alert patient (never use with corrosive poisons) b. Gastric lavage for the obtunded patient; gastric aspirate is … This is to ensure the tube is not in the lungs. Here’s answer to your A2A. Gastric Lavage involves placement of a tube(most commonly a Ryle’s Tube) through the nose till stomach, followed by aspi... We performed gastric lavage and gave her activated charcoal several times. Vitaminotherapy is also indicated. Activated charcoal may be given by mouth to someone who is awake and alert. Especially, if the lavage is performed with charcoal and within the first hour of the toxic ingestion (while the potential toxin remains in the stomach). Use of gastric lavage after ingestion of a corrosive substance is controver- sial; some gastroenterologists recommend that insertion of a gastric tube and aspiration of gastric contents be performed as soon as possible after liquid caustic ingestion to remove corrosive material from the stomach and to prepare for endoscopy. Gastric lavage is one of the more popular methods of treating acute and acute-on-chronic lithium poisoning. Exposure via inhalation, aspiration, or injection. TREATMENT: 1. Phenols and cresols are responsible for its toxicity. This technique was first described in 1812 and has been used for nearly 200 years. Corrosive poisoning. Altogether 72 papers were found using the reported search, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. Ingestion 6. hour has passed since ingestion, gastric lavage may be performed to remove the poison from the stomach. "Position paper: gastric lavage".Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology. 25. Gastric lavage 2. Complications of gastric lavage may include aspiration, fluid and electrolyte imbal-ance, mechanical injury to the throat-esophagus-stomach and hypoxia. Children: 22–28 French. Causes lung toxicity and ARDS. In treating corrosive poisoning, vomiting must not be induced; gastric lavage must not be attempted; and no attempt should be made to neutralize the corrosive substance. Vomiting will increase the severity of damage to the esophagus by renewing contact with the corrosive substance. Gastric lavage may cause the esophagus or stomach to perforate. Sampathkumar et al. It is also contraindicated if a hydrocarbon with high aspiration potential or corrosive substance has been ingested. [3] Lavage should only be considered if the amount of poison ingested is potentially life-threatening and the procedure can be … Dr. James Marx answered. Gastric lavage may cause the esophagus or stomach to perforate. (CAUTION: Gastric emptying by emesis or lavage is contraindicated because it can reexpose the upper gastrointestinal tract to the caustic.Attempts to neutralize a caustic acid by correcting pH with an alkaline substance [and vice versa] are contraindicated because severe exothermic reactions may result. 3. The haemolysis was probably a direct effect of formic acid on the red cell, whilst the extensive acid necrosis was the likely initiating factor for the DIC. Complications Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. 48 years experience Pain Management. If you are poisoned by acid, you can try to use a 2 percent solution of soda. Phenol derivates are less toxic than pure phenol. Corrosive poisoning is a common emergency as corrosive agents are easily available for household use. After the ingestion of corrosives, corrosive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract appear. The vomit or diarrhea may have fresh blood (red) or digested blood (dark brown to black) in it. Gastric lavage— The putative clinical benefit of gastric lavage has never been unequivocally demonstrated; on the other hand, the severe complications that have been observed Benson BE, Hoppu K, Troutman WG, et al. Lubricate appropriately sized lavage tube and gently pass through esophagus to stomach. Ingestion is the most common route of exposure to toxic materials in the home. Unconcious patients as it will increase the risk of aspiration . Can also cause neruologic and renal sequelae. To be effective it must be used within a short time of the poisoning occurring, typically an hour. And for those who are still wondering what gastric lavage is-. c. Throwing of acid on a person d. Gastric lavage done with Ryle’s tube. Contraindications: (i) The only absolute contraindication is corrosive poisoning (except carbolic acid) due to danger of perforation, (ii) Stomach wash is done with proper precautions in (a) Convulsant poisons, as … Any zinc remaining in the stomach may be eliminated using gastric lavage, in which a tube is inserted down the throat or a nasal passageway into the stomach.Fluids are then introduced through the tube, and the stomach contents are suctioned. In treating corrosive poisoning, vomiting must not be induced; gastric lavage must not be attempted; and no attempt should be made to neutralize the corrosive substance. Previously widely favoured method that has now been all but abandoned due to lack of evidence of efficacy and risk of complications. Phenol Poisoning also known as Carbolic acid Poisoning Carbolic acid its derivatives are frequently used as an antiseptic, disinfectant and surface anesthetic so accidental poisoning may occur due to. Steroids confer no benefit & may mask abdominal sign of perforation. … More recent studies concluded that gastric lavage does not improve mortality after certain types of poisoning [53, 82]. Do NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Poisoning from this chemical can be acute or chronic. Gastric lavage is done within one hour of poisoning and it acts as a saviour but in some conditions it is contraindicated ( not advised ). Caustics (strong acids and alkalis), when ingested, burn upper gastrointestinal tract tissues, sometimes resulting in esophageal or gastric perforation. early strictures.4 Instinct to induce vomting, gastric lavage and activated charcoal should be terminated.17Rarely folinic acid (1mg/kg iv bolus followed by 6 doses of 1mg/kg iv doses at 4th hourly intervals) may be needed in severe systemic poisoning by enhancing formate irrigation for gonorrhea, gastric lavage for poisoning with alkaloid agents and local remedy for the bite site of snake aths and wet bandages as a dermal antiseptic and antifungal especially This substance is a highly corrosive and deadly agent with a reported lethal dose of 10 g in adults (1). Gastric lavage during acid poisoning. gastric lavage is the process of emptying the stomach and washing its lining of any harmful substances recently ingested. This process is usually d... Which one of the following is the feature of Sulphuric acid poisoning? Sampathkumar et al. Adult 100-300 cc warm water or Normal Saline per wash. Child 10-15 cc/kg warm Normal Saline per wash. Aspirate fluid back and dispose of fluid. The usefulness of gastric lavage has, however, been questioned, and it is now no longer used routinely in poisoning situations ... Vale JA, Kulig K (2004). If you are poisoned by acid, you can try to use a 2 percent solution of soda. Corrosive Poisoning Strong acid/alkali- are corrosive Caustic Ingestion: Alkaline Found in toilet/ floor/ utensil/ laundry cleaners, batteries the corrosion potential Ph : Highly corrosive if PH is < 2 or > 11 Cause stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis, esophageal perforation & stricture Rx- supportive , No gastric lavage Dr. Ahmad Aqel Esophagus ... Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage) Gastric lavage. Gastric lavage is contra-indicated if a corrosive substance or a petroleum distillate has been ingested, but it may occasionally be considered in patients who have ingested drugs that are not adsorbed by charcoal, such as iron or lithium. The following gastric emptying procedures may be used as prescribed: a. This article is for information only. Chronic poisoning – SALICYLISM Loss of blood in stools. Especially, if the lavage is performed with charcoal and within the first hour of the toxic ingestion (while the potential toxin remains in the stomach). Gastric Decontamination • GASTRIC LAVAGE NOTROUTINELY RECOMMENDED • Evidence would indicate 40-50% of gastric contents remain in the stomach and up to 1/3rd are propelled forward4,5 • When compared to activated charcoal alone the vast majority of the evidence [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] First Aid - Do not induce vomiting. Advanced life support measures 5. Entire books are written about gastrointestinal pain. You need to focus your question a bit if you expect to get any kind of answer to it. Gastric lavage is done within one hour of poisoning and it acts as a saviour but in some conditions it is contraindicated ( not advised ). They are... For a century gastric lavage has been used in treating acute poisoning. Gastric Lavage (Removal of Stomach Contents): Lavage is the most important … For instance, in the case of acid poisoning gastric lavage is performed with mild alkaline solu-tion (magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate). Before beginning gastric lavage, explain the procedure to the patient and obtain her verbal agreement to begin the procedure. Stomach ulcer symptoms. Lemon solution. Acute boric acid poisoning usually occurs when someone swallows powdered roach-killing products that contain the chemical.Chronic poisoning occurs in those who are repeatedly exposed to boric acid. Dark tongue with yellowish teeth b. Blackish tongue with chalky white teeth c. Bluish line at the junction of the teeth and the gums d. Sequestration and necrosis of the jaw. A tube is inserted through your nose or mouth, down the food pipe (esophagus), and into the stomach. This mixture is useful in poisoning by acids, liquid glycosides and heavy metals. Papper (1964) employ gastric aspiration alone, without lavage, and then only if the patient is seen within one hour of ingestion of the barbiturate. Treatment of caustic ingestion is supportive. Administering activated charcoal is recom-mended for the gastro-intestinal decontamination of most poisons, unless doing so is contra-indicated. Gastric lavage involves the passage of a tube (such as an Ewald tube) via the mouth or nose down into the stomach followed by sequential administration and removal of small volumes of liquid. The only obsolute contraindication is corrosive poisoning, i.e. Acid reflux is a situation in which the This method is good Paraquat Poisoning Gastric Lavage Water Lungs for those sensitive to gluten Drink plenty of fluids after eating oatmeal because the I had the same thing with my first pregnancy even if all I had was water I now get heartburn all day and all night. PREVENTING ABSORPTION. Acid soldering flux is a chemical used to clean and protect the area where 2 pieces of metal are joined together. Case A previously healthy 19-year-old woman presented to the Ankara … Gastric lavage is a GI decontamination technique that aims to empty the stomach of toxic substances by the sequential administration and aspiration of small volumes of fluid via an orogastric tube. caustic or corrosive substances; however, substantially fewer respondents claim they would not use lavage in cases of hydrocarbons (31, 38%), large objects (22,27%), or sharp objects (47,58%). Externally measure length of lavage tube needed to reach stomach. Relative contraindications include when the poisoning is due to a corrosive substance hydrocarbons. Patients should be instructed to breathe slowly through their nose or mouth and told they will not choke. The oesophagus has lesions mostly in cases of ingestion of alkali, and the stomach (gaster) is damaged when an acid is ingested The first steps in the management of the patients having ingested a corrosive … Hold until the water is clear. Accidental or Acid soldering flux is a chemical used to clean and protect the area where two pieces of metal are joined together. Gastric Lavage. The local actions of an ingested poison can have irritant, acidic (corrosive), or basic (caustic) effects at the site of … Lavage /Gavage: The introduction of a tube into the stomach for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In acute poisoning, repeated gastric lavage is carried out, laxatives, cleansing and therapeutic enemas are administered. Dilute the acid immediately by drinking large quantities of water or milk. Corrosive poisons: Gastric lavage is the treatment of choice when ingestion of any poison is suspected. ... Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage) Outlook (Prognosis) ... -gastric lavage within 1 hour-activated charcoal-whole bowel irrigation-sodium polystyrene sulfonate-volume resuscitation. clinical evidence of esophageal, gastric, or intestinal burn or perforation. For instance, in the case of acid poisoning gastric lavage is performed with mild alkaline solu-tion (magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate). Cases of AlP poisoning with hypotension were managed in the ICU with dopamine infusion, magnesium sulphate, hydrocortisone, and calcium gluconate in addition to gastric lavage and fluid administration. For example, in the past, boric acid was used to disinfect and treat wounds. Carbolic acid is the only corrosive in which gastric lavage can be used. Gastric lavage is a procedure aimed at evacuation 7, 8 Gastric lavage is contraindicated if a corrosive … Before washing, premedication is performed. Altogether 63 papers were found using the reported search, of which four presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. Lavage should only be considered if the amount of poison ingested is potentially life-threatening. • sterile lubricant (e.g., K-Y) • gauze. Acute poisonings with corrosive substances make 15-20% of all acute poisonings in our country. Lavage Throat Remedies these juices help to digest food and allow An overweight nurse claimed her Organophosphate Poisoning Gastric Lavage Throat Remedies 10000 NHS gastric band made her sick so she had it loosened – only to balloon to nearly her original weight. Oxalic acid poisoning . Especially, if the lavage is performed with charcoal and within the first hour of the toxic ingestion (while the potential toxin remains in the stomach). Treatment: Gastric lavage, activated charcoal and emetics- contraindicated. • mouth gag. With certain life-threatening toxicants (included in Table 2), however, gastric lavage is highly recommended, especially when emesis induction is unproductive or contraindicated. Flushing prevents further absorption of the poison into the blood and removes acids from the stomach. P.M findings shows leathery stomach in case of carbolic poisoning Gather the equipment and perform hand hygiene. 4. Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is a medication used to treat poisonings that occurred by mouth. Previously widely favoured method that has now been all but abandoned due to lack of evidence of efficacy and risk of complications. Especially, if the lavage is performed with charcoal and within the first hour of the toxic ingestion (while the potential toxin remains in the stomach). It is a black liquid drink. Adverse effects a. • bilge/drench or stomach pump (or funnel if a bilge is not available) I think the Most important thing to remember is you have to find you Trigger foods to Heal faster. As a Gastritis Sufferer myself the IGg Food Sens... 5. The technique of gastric lavage, the indications and contraindications to the procedure Probing and irrigation of the stomach are measures of the urgent help at various poisoning. heartburn cold medicine keto open sore in the lining of your stomach; heartburn and acid reflux; Shop our Natural Calm Plus Calcium product the best magnesium supplement you can find.Gastric Lavage In Rat Poisoning Cage Rib Prevent Diabetes Problems: also occur in various organs including the digestive tract heart occurs in people with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Oxygenation for pul.edema 6. Lavage should only be considered if the amount of poison ingested is potentially life-threatening. 14. It is not a routine procedure for all poisonings. Similarly, there is not much role for measures to dilute the corrosive with milk, water and so forth, as the definitive extent of the injury Fatal Period : 1-4 days. noted and gastric lavage withheld. We performed gastric lavage and gave her activated charcoal several times. Alkaline carbonates and bicarbonates- contraindicated. Gastric lavage is a method of gastrointestinal decontamination, performed in the setting of an acute poisoning by ingestion, to decrease the absorption of substances in the stomach. Purgatives 4. (healthtap.com)Consider gastric lavage if the patient has a known or suspected significant ingestion that occurred within 1 hour of presentation. Bicarbonate is also contraindicated as it liberates carbon dioxide which can cause gastric dilatation leading to rupture of stomach. It should be explained clearly to the patient that the reason for doing lavage is that they have ingested a potentially serious poison. Always be prepared – get all the materials necessary in an organized fashion: • white tape. The placement of the tube in the stomach must be confirmed by pH testing a small amount of aspirated stomach contents, or x-ray. Relative contraindications include when the poisoning is due to a corrosive substance hydrocarbons. Keywords: Oral consumption of poison, multiple drug consumption, gastric lavage, colorimetric method, Side lab. Ingestion is the most common route of exposure to toxic materials in the home. Washing is carried out with a probe that is lubricated at the end with Vasilin or oil. tion pneumonia, gastric lavage having been at-tempted unsuccessfully. 40 F orogastric tube ( No. Gastric lavage is an approved method of gastrointestinal decontamination and offers the ability to rapidly remove most of the gastric contents. Gastric lavage with calcium lactate (2 teaspoon per lavage) Antidotes — lime water, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium chloride, chalk suspension in water or milk, etc., may be given orally, act as specific antidotes, which form insoluble calcium oxalate and excreted easily. Barium … any technique that prevents absorption of a drug or chemical -> decrease blood concentration -> decrease absorption -> reduce severity of poisoning 1. gastric emptying 2. activated charcoal 3. cathartics 4. emetics 5. gastric lavage Gastric lavage is one of the more popular methods of treating acute and acute-on-chronic lithium poisoning. Acid immediately diluted and neutralized in situ by- - One-fourth litre of water or milk - Milk of magnesia or lime water - Aluminium hydroxide gel; within 30 minutes of ingestion. Mineral acids - Boric acid; Gastric Lavage has a very limited role in treatment. Denture creams can contain high amounts of zinc. Even then, clinical benefit has not been confirmed in controlled studies. The only obsolute contraindication is corrosive poisoning, i.e. In children, normal saline is used, … Lavage should only be considered if the amount of poison ingested is potentially life-threatening and the procedure can be performed within 60 minutes of ingestion. Done with water ( except infants NS), 1:5000 potassium permangnate , 4% Tannic acid, saturated lime water or starch solution. Currently, there is no antidote for ALP poisoning, therefore supportive care remains the mainstay of treatment. Gastric lavage is mandatory through the probe during the first 6 hours. Essential Oil poisoning Ethanol Eucalyptus Oil poisoning High risk – low dose paediatric ingestions Hydrocarbon poisoning. KEYWORDS:kidney failure, acute acidosis. She was lucid, but complained of hearing loss and tinnitus. The search was performed over the time period from January 2003 to March 2011 and yielded 683 articles. The procedure may be used to empty the stomach in preparation for endoscopic examination or after poisoning or a drug overdose, especially in patients who have central nervous system depression or an inadequate gag reflex. 3. And for those who are still wondering what gastric lavage is- gastric lavage and (poisoning OR overdose) as textwords, limiting the species to animals.
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